Clonezilla l’efficace tools free e open source per la clonazione di dischi e partizioni non consente in modalità standard la clonazione verso un disco fisso più piccolo anche quando la quantità di dati da trasferire non eccede la capacità del disco di destinazione.
Tuttavia se si utilizza la modalità expert è possibile effettuare la copia del hard disk più grande verso un hard disk più piccolo. L’accorgimento che si deve avere è sfruttare le opzioni -icds e l’opzione –k2 sopratutto che consente di copiare la tabella partizioni manualmente prima dell’avvio definitivo della clonazione.
Di seguito le schermate principali e il listato da terminale generato da clonezilla nella clonazione di un disco seagate SATA 2.5 da 500GB verso un disco hitachi IDE 2.5 da 80GB collegato con adattatore su porta usb 2.0.
Il disco seagate da clonare ha la seguente organizzazione 7 partizioni e circa 55GB di dati nella prima porzioni del disco.
avviare clonezilla da terminale come superuser e avremo a disposizione li menu interativo
# sudo su # clonezilla
Selezionare copia da disco/partizione a disco/partizione senza il passare per un immagine.
Selezionare la modalità Expert
Selezionare disk to local disk
Selezionare il disco sorgente/ source disk in questo caso il segate da 500 GB
Adesso selezioanre il disco destinazione
Nella schermata con i parametri extra di clonezilla selezionare anche il parametro -icds
Optiamo per il check e l’eventuale repair del source
La scelta che segue è la più importante -k2 ( Enter command line prompt to create partition manually later ).
A questo punto appare un messaggio ci informa che la clonazione è in pausa e ci viene permesso di creare la tabella delle partizioni nel disco di destinazione manualmente. Possiamo riavvare successivamente la procedura di clonazione digitando exit da terminale.
...
...
*****************************************************.
Now enter another shell to allow you to create partition table on
the destination disk. You may use fdisk, cfdisk, sfdisk or parted
to do that. When everything is done, run "exit" to go back to the original program.
Press "Enter" to continue......
Clonare la partizione del disco sorgente nel disco di destinazione con sgdisk
e riavviare la clonazione digitando exit
# sgdisk -R /dev/sdc /dev/sda Caution! Secondary header was placed beyond the disk's limits! Moving the header, but other problems may occur! Warning: The kernel is still using the old partition table. The new table will be used at the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8) The operation has completed successfully. # exit exit Informing the OS of partition table changes.... done! The disk and partitions in this system now: *****************************************************. Model: Hitachi HTS541680J9AT00 (scsi) Disk /dev/sdc: 80.0GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Disk Flags: Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1049kB 1039MB 1038MB bios_grub 2 1039MB 2622MB 1583MB 3 2622MB 36.7GB 34.1GB ...
A questo punto si avvia la clonazione vera e propria di tutte le partizioni. la schermata che accompagna la clonazione della partizione sda3
Clonezilla è un tools ben fatto per avere tutti ipacchetti a disposizione per i vari tipi di partizione potrebbe essere conventiente usare una live dedicata.
Comunque con un po’ di attenzione e seguendo i messaggi da terminale è possibile individuare tutti i pacchetti che dovessero rendersi necessari compresi quelli per le partizioni macintosh (+hfs).
Il risultato finale partizionamento Hitachi 80GB su porta USB.
Di seguito il listato generato da clonezilla a livello di terminale nella clonazione in modalità expert con l’opzioni -icds e -k2 da disco grande a disco più piccolo
root@mx-nvme:/home/ms# clonezilla Clonezilla mode is device-device Setting the TERM as xterm-256color Starting /usr/sbin/ocs-onthefly at 2019-06-25 14:05:21 CEST... Excluding busy partition or disk... Disk number: 3 Excluding busy partition or disk... Disk number: 2 PS. Next time you can run this command directly: /usr/sbin/ocs-onthefly -g auto -e1 auto -e2 -j2 -r -icds -fsck-src-part -k2 -f sda -t sdc This command is also saved as this file name for later use if necessary: /tmp/ocs-onthefly-2019-06-25-14-11 ****************************************************. Press "Enter" to continue... *****************************************************. ///WARNING/// filesystem.squashfs not found! No idea where is LIVE MEDIA!!! Assume this is running in DRBL client. *****************************************************. setterm: terminal xterm-256color does not support --blank *****************************************************. Searching for data partition(s)... Excluding busy partition or disk... Unmounted partitions (including extended or swap): sdc1 sdc2 Collecting info... done! Getting /dev/sdc1 info... Getting /dev/sdc2 info... WARNING!!! WARNING!!! WARNING!!! WARNING! THE EXISTING DATA IN THIS HARDDISK/PARTITION(S) WILL BE OVERWRITTEN! ALL EXISTING DATA WILL BE LOST: sdc *****************************************************. Machine: Unknown product name sdc (80.0GB_HTS541680J9AT00__Hitachi_HTS541680J9AT00-0:0) sdc1 (59.3G_exfat(In_HTS541680J9AT00_)_Hitachi_HTS541680J9AT00-0:0) sdc2 (15.2G_ext4(In_HTS541680J9AT00_)_Hitachi_HTS541680J9AT00-0:0) *****************************************************. *****************************************************. Are you sure you want to continue? (y/n) y OK, let's do it!! *****************************************************. Let me ask you again. WARNING!!! WARNING!!! WARNING!!! WARNING! THE EXISTING DATA IN THIS HARDDISK/PARTITION(S) WILL BE OVERWRITTEN! ALL EXISTING DATA WILL BE LOST: sdc Are you sure you want to continue? (y/n) re you sure you want to continue? (y/n) y OK, let's do it!! *****************************************************. Saving the GPT of /dev/sda as /tmp/ocs_onthefly_local.Ri34n8/src-gpt.gdisk by sgdisk... The operation has completed successfully. Saving the primary GPT of /dev/sda as /tmp/ocs_onthefly_local.Ri34n8/src-gpt-1st.img by dd... 34+0 records in 34+0 records out 17408 bytes (17 kB, 17 KiB) copied, 0.000222642 s, 78.2 MB/s Saving the secondary GPT of /dev/sda as /tmp/ocs_onthefly_local.Ri34n8/src-gpt-2nd.img by dd... 32+0 records in 32+0 records out 16384 bytes (16 kB, 16 KiB) copied, 0.000175774 s, 93.2 MB/s *****************************************************. Collecting partition /dev/sda1 info... Collecting partition /dev/sda2 info... Collecting partition /dev/sda3 info... Collecting partition /dev/sda4 info... Collecting partition /dev/sda5 info... Collecting partition /dev/sda6 info... Collecting partition /dev/sda7 info... Non-grub boot loader found on /tmp/ocs_onthefly_local.Ri34n8/sdc-mbr... The CHS value of hard drive from EDD will be used for sfdisk. Sfdisk >= 2.26 does not support C/H/S option. Skip using C/H/S option. *****************************************************. Searching for data partition(s) in source disk: sda ... Excluding busy partition or disk... Unmounted partitions (including extended or swap): sda1 sda2 sda3 sda4 sda5 sda6 sda7 Collecting info........ done! *****************************************************. Running file system check and repair for /dev/sda1... Running: fsck -f /dev/sda1 fsck from util-linux 2.29.2 fsck.fat 4.1 (2017-01-24) /dev/sda1: 3 files, 34/252940 clusters Running file system check and repair for /dev/sda2... Running: fsck -f /dev/sda2 fsck from util-linux 2.29.2 e2fsck 1.43.4 (31-Jan-2017) Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes Pass 2: Checking directory structure Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity Pass 4: Checking reference counts Pass 5: Checking group summary information /dev/sda2: 11/96000 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 15356/386560 blocks Running file system check and repair for /dev/sda3... Running: fsck -f /dev/sda3 fsck from util-linux 2.29.2 e2fsck 1.43.4 (31-Jan-2017) Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes Pass 2: Checking directory structure Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity Pass 4: Checking reference counts Pass 5: Checking group summary information rootMX18.1: 265235/2088960 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 1641803/8326912 blocks Running file system check and repair for /dev/sda4... Running: fsck -f /dev/sda4 fsck from util-linux 2.29.2 e2fsck 1.43.4 (31-Jan-2017) Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes Pass 2: Checking directory structure Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity Pass 4: Checking reference counts Pass 5: Checking group summary information boot: 779/106496 files (0.5% non-contiguous), 164652/407040 blocks Running file system check and repair for /dev/sda5... Running: fsck -f /dev/sda5 fsck from util-linux 2.29.2 e2fsck 1.43.4 (31-Jan-2017) Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes Pass 2: Checking directory structure Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity Pass 4: Checking reference counts Pass 5: Checking group summary information /dev/sda5: 341/169680 files (1.5% non-contiguous), 49544/657664 blocks Running file system check and repair for /dev/sda6... Running: fsck -f /dev/sda6 fsck from util-linux 2.29.2 e2fsck 1.43.4 (31-Jan-2017) Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes Pass 2: Checking directory structure Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity Pass 4: Checking reference counts Pass 5: Checking group summary information /dev/sda6: 314/171024 files (1.6% non-contiguous), 73266/685312 blocks Running file system check and repair for /dev/sda7... Running: fsck -f /dev/sda7 fsck from util-linux 2.29.2 e2fsck 1.43.4 (31-Jan-2017) Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes Pass 2: Checking directory structure Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity Pass 4: Checking reference counts Pass 5: Checking group summary information /dev/sda7: 11/640848 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 65844/2560000 blocks *****************************************************. Will create the partition on the target machine... Trying to clean the MBR and GPT partition table on the destination disk first: /dev/sdc Informing the OS of partition table changes... done! *****************************************************. Now enter another shell to allow you to create partition table on the destination disk. You may use fdisk, cfdisk, sfdisk or parted to do that. When everything is done, run "exit" to go back to the original program. Press "Enter" to continue...... # sgdisk -R /dev/sdc /dev/sda Caution! Secondary header was placed beyond the disk's limits! Moving the header, but other problems may occur! Warning: The kernel is still using the old partition table. The new table will be used at the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8) The operation has completed successfully. # exit exit Informing the OS of partition table changes.... done! The disk and partitions in this system now: *****************************************************. Model: Hitachi HTS541680J9AT00 (scsi) Disk /dev/sdc: 80.0GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Disk Flags: Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1049kB 1039MB 1038MB bios_grub 2 1039MB 2622MB 1583MB 3 2622MB 36.7GB 34.1GB 4 36.7GB 38.4GB 1667MB 5 38.4GB 41.1GB 2694MB 6 45.7GB 48.5GB 2807MB 7 48.5GB 59.0GB 10.5GB *****************************************************. done! *****************************************************. *****************************************************. Searching for data partition(s) in source disk: sda ... Excluding busy partition or disk... Unmounted partitions (including extended or swap): sda1 sda2 sda3 sda4 sda5 sda6 sda7 Collecting info........ done! *****************************************************. Source partition file system is vfat... Cloning the /dev/sda1 to /dev/sdc1... Clean filesystem header in device /dev/sdc1... *****************************************************. Using partclone to clone... Run partclone: partclone.vfat -z 10485760 -N -L /var/log/partclone.log -b -s /dev/sda1 -O /dev/sdc1 Cloned successfully. *****************************************************. Source partition file system is ext4... Cloning the /dev/sda2 to /dev/sdc2... Clean filesystem header in device /dev/sdc2... *****************************************************. Using partclone to clone... Run partclone: partclone.ext4 -z 10485760 -N -L /var/log/partclone.log -b -s /dev/sda2 -O /dev/sdc2 Cloned successfully. *****************************************************. Source partition file system is ext4... Cloning the /dev/sda3 to /dev/sdc3... Clean filesystem header in device /dev/sdc3... *****************************************************. Using partclone to clone... Run partclone: partclone.ext4 -z 10485760 -N -L /var/log/partclone.log -b -s /dev/sda3 -O /dev/sdc3 Cloned successfully. *****************************************************. Source partition file system is ext4... Cloning the /dev/sda4 to /dev/sdc4... Clean filesystem header in device /dev/sdc4... *****************************************************. Using partclone to clone... Run partclone: partclone.ext4 -z 10485760 -N -L /var/log/partclone.log -b -s /dev/sda4 -O /dev/sdc4 Cloned successfully. *****************************************************. Source partition file system is ext4... Cloning the /dev/sda5 to /dev/sdc5... Clean filesystem header in device /dev/sdc5... *****************************************************. Using partclone to clone... Run partclone: partclone.ext4 -z 10485760 -N -L /var/log/partclone.log -b -s /dev/sda5 -O /dev/sdc5 Cloned successfully. *****************************************************. Source partition file system is ext4... Cloning the /dev/sda6 to /dev/sdc6... Clean filesystem header in device /dev/sdc6... *****************************************************. Using partclone to clone... Run partclone: partclone.ext4 -z 10485760 -N -L /var/log/partclone.log -b -s /dev/sda6 -O /dev/sdc6 Cloned successfully. ***************************************************** Source partition file system is ext4... Cloning the /dev/sda7 to /dev/sdc7... Clean filesystem header in device /dev/sdc7... *****************************************************. Using partclone to clone... Run partclone: partclone.ext4 -z 10485760 -N -L /var/log/partclone.log -b -s /dev/sda7 -O /dev/sdc7 Cloned successfully. *****************************************************. *****************************************************. Searching for data partition(s) in target disk for post process: sdc... Excluding busy partition or disk... Unmounted partitions (including extended or swap): sdc1 sdc2 sdc3 sdc4 sdc5 sdc6 sdc7 Collecting info........ done! *****************************************************. Now tuning the file system size on partition /dev/sdc1 to fit the partition size... Program fatresize not found! Skip this partition /dev/sdc1 *****************************************************. Now tuning the file system size on partition /dev/sdc2 to fit the partition size... e2fsck -f -y /dev/sdc2; resize2fs -p -f /dev/sdc2 e2fsck 1.43.4 (31-Jan-2017) Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes Pass 2: Checking directory structure Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity Pass 4: Checking reference counts Pass 5: Checking group summary information /dev/sdc2: 11/96000 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 15356/386560 blocks resize2fs 1.43.4 (31-Jan-2017) The filesystem is already 386560 (4k) blocks long. Nothing to do! *****************************************************. Now tuning the file system size on partition /dev/sdc3 to fit the partition size... e2fsck -f -y /dev/sdc3; resize2fs -p -f /dev/sdc3 e2fsck 1.43.4 (31-Jan-2017) Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes Pass 2: Checking directory structure Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity Pass 4: Checking reference counts Pass 5: Checking group summary information rootMX18.1: 265235/2088960 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 1641803/8326912 blocks resize2fs 1.43.4 (31-Jan-2017) The filesystem is already 8326912 (4k) blocks long. Nothing to do! *****************************************************. Now tuning the file system size on partition /dev/sdc4 to fit the partition size... e2fsck -f -y /dev/sdc4; resize2fs -p -f /dev/sdc4 e2fsck 1.43.4 (31-Jan-2017) Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes Pass 2: Checking directory structure Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity Pass 4: Checking reference counts Pass 5: Checking group summary information boot: 779/106496 files (0.5% non-contiguous), 164652/407040 blocks resize2fs 1.43.4 (31-Jan-2017) The filesystem is already 407040 (4k) blocks long. Nothing to do! *****************************************************. Now tuning the file system size on partition /dev/sdc5 to fit the partition size... e2fsck -f -y /dev/sdc5; resize2fs -p -f /dev/sdc5 e2fsck 1.43.4 (31-Jan-2017) Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes Pass 2: Checking directory structure Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity Pass 4: Checking reference counts Pass 5: Checking group summary information /dev/sdc5: 341/169680 files (1.5% non-contiguous), 49544/657664 blocks resize2fs 1.43.4 (31-Jan-2017) The filesystem is already 657664 (4k) blocks long. Nothing to do! *****************************************************. Now tuning the file system size on partition /dev/sdc6 to fit the partition size... e2fsck -f -y /dev/sdc6; resize2fs -p -f /dev/sdc6 e2fsck 1.43.4 (31-Jan-2017) Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes Pass 2: Checking directory structure Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity Pass 4: Checking reference counts Pass 5: Checking group summary information /dev/sdc6: 314/171024 files (1.6% non-contiguous), 73266/685312 blocks resize2fs 1.43.4 (31-Jan-2017) The filesystem is already 685312 (4k) blocks long. Nothing to do! *****************************************************. Now tuning the file system size on partition /dev/sdc7 to fit the partition size... e2fsck -f -y /dev/sdc7; resize2fs -p -f /dev/sdc7 e2fsck 1.43.4 (31-Jan-2017) Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes Pass 2: Checking directory structure Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity Pass 4: Checking reference counts Pass 5: Checking group summary information /dev/sdc7: 11/640848 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 65844/2560000 blocks resize2fs 1.43.4 (31-Jan-2017) The filesystem is already 2560000 (4k) blocks long. Nothing to do! *****************************************************. Creating the swap partition if exists... *****************************************************. Trying to remove udev hardware record in the restored OS... The specified destination device: sdc1 sdc2 sdc3 sdc4 sdc5 sdc6 sdc7 Trying to remove udev persistent files. The devices to be searched: sdc1 sdc2 sdc3 sdc4 sdc5 sdc6 sdc7... Skip /dev/sdc1 (vfat). Now searching possible device /dev/sdc2... Now searching possible device /dev/sdc3... Now searching possible device /dev/sdc4... Now searching possible device /dev/sdc5... Now searching possible device /dev/sdc6... Now searching possible device /dev/sdc7... done! *****************************************************. Device /dev/sdc2 is not a FAT partition. Skip updating syslinux on that. Device /dev/sdc3 is not a FAT partition. Skip updating syslinux on that. Device /dev/sdc4 is not a FAT partition. Skip updating syslinux on that. Device /dev/sdc5 is not a FAT partition. Skip updating syslinux on that. Device /dev/sdc6 is not a FAT partition. Skip updating syslinux on that. Device /dev/sdc7 is not a FAT partition. Skip updating syslinux on that. *****************************************************. Run grub install on disk sdc... Found grub partition: /dev/sdc3 Found grub 2 installed in the restored OS. Test if we can chroot the restored OS partition /dev/sdc3... Yes, we are able to chroot the restored OS partition /dev/sdc3. Trying to use the grub2 in the restored OS... Running: run_grub2_from_restored_os "/dev/sdc3" "/dev/sdc3" "/dev/sdc" Re-installing grub2 on disk/partition /dev/sdc with grub2 dir in partition /dev/sdc3 and root partition /dev/sdc3... Installing for x86_64-efi platform. grub-install: error: cannot find EFI directory. Unable to use the grub 2 in the restored OS, trying another method... Trying to use the grub2 from the running OS... Checking grub-install version... Running: grub-install --force --recheck --root-directory=/tmp/hd_img.MOkrC9 /dev/sdc Installing for x86_64-efi platform. grub-install: error: /tmp/hd_img.MOkrC9 doesn't look like an EFI partition. Failed to install grub!!! *****************************************************. Try to run partclone.ntfsfixboot for NTFS boot partition if it exists. Scanning partition(s): sdc1 sdc2 sdc3 sdc4 sdc5 sdc6 sdc7... The NTFS boot partition was not found or not among the restored partition(s). Skip running partclone.ntfsfixboot. *****************************************************. Checking if udevd rules have to be restored... Now syncing - flush filesystem buffers... Ending /usr/sbin/ocs-onthefly at 2019-06-25 14:31:55 CEST... Press "Enter" to continue......
Risorse:
- Clonare la tabella delle partizioni in altro disco: sgdisk ( gtp ) sfdisk ( mbr )
- Convertire un disco da MBR a GPT in Linux
- GPT fdisk Tutorial – Rod’s Books
- rEFInd
- Avviare ISO live direttamente da disco con grub 2.0
- Che cos’è GPT tabella partizione GUID
- MBR reset
Grazie per la guida. Io però vorrei clonare solo la partizione primaria dove risiede il S.O. (Win 7), perché l’altra partizione D: è troppo grande per stare nel secondo HD di destinazione. E’ possibile, quindi, seguire la guida, ma escludere l’altra partizione dal sorgente e clonare soltanto una partizione. Grazie in anticipo!
Buonasera Gianni,
CloneZilla funziona decisamente bene e se il disco da clonare è integro il processo di clonazione non dovrebbe evidenziare problemi.
Tuttavia per avere un sistema clonato perfettamente funzionante è necessario conoscere la struttura delle partizioni utilizzate e necessarie al Sistema Operativo da clonare.
Nel caso di Linux, in molte installazioni, la clonazione di una sola partizione potrebbe essere sufficiente.
Nel caso di Windows 10 potrebbe essere necessario clonare 3 partizioni.
Nel caso di windows 7, che sta per uscire dalla fase di supporto ufficiale, non ricordo quante partizioni siano necessarie.
Se il partizionamento è di tipo MBR le cose potrebbero semplificarsi.
Clonezilla consente di fare la clonazione sia dispositivo-dispositivo sia dispositivo-image.
Comunque si tratta di uno strumento efficace, flessibile e con opzioni anche sofisticate.